Complex Circuits for RF Signal Processing Intuitive introduction to real and complex circuits, signals, modulation, and noise. Deep understanding of the fundamentally complex nature of radio systems and relevancy to modern communication systems. Design example: circuit design of accurate and stable broadband IQ modulators. Effects of linear and nonlinear distortions on different modulation formats. Simple and intuitive graphical techniques for analysis of errors upon complex modulation. ACPR-limiting mechanisms.